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Figura Rmarkdown
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#CARREGANDO O(S) PACOTE(S)
library(tidyverse)
library(palmerpenguins)
#Carregando os dados:
data("penguins")
#Lendo os dados:
head(penguins)
## # A tibble: 6 × 8
## species island bill_length_mm bill_depth_mm flipper_length_mm body_mass_g
## <fct> <fct> <dbl> <dbl> <int> <int>
## 1 Adelie Torgersen 39.1 18.7 181 3750
## 2 Adelie Torgersen 39.5 17.4 186 3800
## 3 Adelie Torgersen 40.3 18 195 3250
## 4 Adelie Torgersen NA NA NA NA
## 5 Adelie Torgersen 36.7 19.3 193 3450
## 6 Adelie Torgersen 39.3 20.6 190 3650
## # ℹ 2 more variables: sex <fct>, year <int>
# calcula a média
media_massa_g <-
mean(penguins$body_mass_g, na.rm = TRUE)
# converte de gramas para kilogramas
media_massa_kg_completo <-
media_massa_g / 1000
# arredonda o valor para ter uma casa decimal
media_massa_kg <- round(media_massa_kg_completo, 1)
# exibe o resultado
media_massa_kg
## [1] 4.2
media_massa <- penguins %>% # usamos a base de pinguins
# agrupamos por especies, ilhas, sexo e ano
dplyr::group_by(species, island ,sex, year) %>%
# calculamos a média da massa corporal
dplyr::summarise(media_massa = mean(body_mass_g, na.rm = TRUE)) %>%
# criamos uma nova coluna, com a massa em kg, e arredondada com 2 casas decimais
dplyr::mutate(media_massa_kg = round(media_massa / 1000, 2)) %>%
# removemos a coluna da massa em gramas
dplyr::select(-media_massa)
# Apresentamos o resultado da tabela:
media_massa
## # A tibble: 35 × 5
## # Groups: species, island, sex [13]
## species island sex year media_massa_kg
## <fct> <fct> <fct> <int> <dbl>
## 1 Adelie Biscoe female 2007 3.47
## 2 Adelie Biscoe female 2008 3.24
## 3 Adelie Biscoe female 2009 3.45
## 4 Adelie Biscoe male 2007 3.77
## 5 Adelie Biscoe male 2008 4.01
## 6 Adelie Biscoe male 2009 4.27
## 7 Adelie Dream female 2007 3.27
## 8 Adelie Dream female 2008 3.41
## 9 Adelie Dream female 2009 3.36
## 10 Adelie Dream male 2007 4.1
## # ℹ 25 more rows
#Utilizando o pacote knitr: função kable()
media_massa %>%
knitr::kable(align = "c",
caption = "<center><strong> Tabela 1. Massa média de Palmer ")
Table:
Tabela 1. Massa média de Palmer
| species | island | sex | year | media_massa_kg |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adelie | Biscoe | female | 2007 | 3.47 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | female | 2008 | 3.24 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | female | 2009 | 3.45 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | male | 2007 | 3.77 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | male | 2008 | 4.01 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | male | 2009 | 4.27 |
| Adelie | Dream | female | 2007 | 3.27 |
| Adelie | Dream | female | 2008 | 3.41 |
| Adelie | Dream | female | 2009 | 3.36 |
| Adelie | Dream | male | 2007 | 4.10 |
| Adelie | Dream | male | 2008 | 4.10 |
| Adelie | Dream | male | 2009 | 3.94 |
| Adelie | Dream | NA | 2007 | 2.98 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | female | 2007 | 3.48 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | female | 2008 | 3.52 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | female | 2009 | 3.19 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | male | 2007 | 4.14 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | male | 2008 | 4.19 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | male | 2009 | 3.78 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | NA | 2007 | 3.68 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | female | 2007 | 3.57 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | female | 2008 | 3.47 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | female | 2009 | 3.52 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | male | 2007 | 3.82 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | male | 2008 | 4.13 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | male | 2009 | 3.93 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | female | 2007 | 4.62 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | female | 2008 | 4.63 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | female | 2009 | 4.79 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | male | 2007 | 5.55 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | male | 2008 | 5.41 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | male | 2009 | 5.51 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | NA | 2007 | 4.10 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | NA | 2008 | 4.65 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | NA | 2009 | 4.80 |
#Tabela interativa:
media_massa %>%
DT::datatable()
Tabelas podem ser escritas diretamente no markdown
| Right | Left | Default | Center |
|---|---|---|---|
| 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
| 123 | 123 | 123 | 123 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Veja que a segunda linha definiu a posição dos elementos na tabela.
Bico de penguins: relação entre comprimento e espessura depende da espécie
Este conjunto de dados contêm informações sobre 344 pinguins, de 3 espécies diferentes, coletadas de 3 ilhas no Arquipélago Palmer, na Antártica.
O conjunto de dados abarca medições do tamanho e espessura dos bicos em mm, massa corporal em grama e tamanho das nadadeira em mm.
#Carregando os dados:
data("penguins")
#Resumo dos dados:
str(penguins)
## tibble [344 × 8] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
## $ species : Factor w/ 3 levels "Adelie","Chinstrap",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
## $ island : Factor w/ 3 levels "Biscoe","Dream",..: 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 ...
## $ bill_length_mm : num [1:344] 39.1 39.5 40.3 NA 36.7 39.3 38.9 39.2 34.1 42 ...
## $ bill_depth_mm : num [1:344] 18.7 17.4 18 NA 19.3 20.6 17.8 19.6 18.1 20.2 ...
## $ flipper_length_mm: int [1:344] 181 186 195 NA 193 190 181 195 193 190 ...
## $ body_mass_g : int [1:344] 3750 3800 3250 NA 3450 3650 3625 4675 3475 4250 ...
## $ sex : Factor w/ 2 levels "female","male": 2 1 1 NA 1 2 1 2 NA NA ...
## $ year : int [1:344] 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 ...
#Removendo 'NAs'
penguins_clean<-na.omit(penguins)
Penguins
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = penguins_clean$bill_length_mm ~ penguins_clean$bill_depth_mm)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -12.9498 -3.9530 -0.3657 3.7327 15.5025
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 54.8909 2.5673 21.380 < 2e-16 ***
## penguins_clean$bill_depth_mm -0.6349 0.1486 -4.273 2.53e-05 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 5.332 on 331 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.05227, Adjusted R-squared: 0.04941
## F-statistic: 18.26 on 1 and 331 DF, p-value: 2.528e-05
Fig.1 Relação entre comprimento e espessura dos bicos
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = bill_depth_mm ~ bill_length_mm * species, data = na.omit(penguins))
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -2.6574 -0.6559 -0.0483 0.5203 3.4990
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 11.48771 1.15987 9.904 < 2e-16 ***
## bill_length_mm 0.17668 0.02981 5.928 7.79e-09 ***
## speciesChinstrap -3.91857 2.06731 -1.895 0.0589 .
## speciesGentoo -6.36675 1.77990 -3.577 0.0004 ***
## bill_length_mm:speciesChinstrap 0.04553 0.04594 0.991 0.3224
## bill_length_mm:speciesGentoo 0.03093 0.04112 0.752 0.4525
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.9556 on 327 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.7681, Adjusted R-squared: 0.7645
## F-statistic: 216.6 on 5 and 327 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16
Fig.2 Relação entre comprimento e espessura dos bicos por espécies
Bora costurar